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Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix consists of all the material in a multicellular organism that is not part of a cell. Connective tissue is primarily made up of the extracellular matrix. Glycoproteins are a large bulk of the matrix; in animals, this is generally collagen. The extracellular matrix has a number of other components: proteins like fibrin and elastin, minerals like hydroxylapatite, and fluids like blood plasma or serum. It is also full of free-flowing antigens.

With the diversity of the extracellular matrix, it performs many functions. One such function is to provide support and structure for the multicellular organism. The extracellular matrix separates the tissues, provides support and anchorage for cells, and regulates intercellular communication.

Perhaps the most critical part of the extracellular matrix is its provision of an appropriate and nutrient-filled environment for the cells, and to both carry nutrients to the cells and waste products away from them. The extracellular matrix contains integrins, which are cellular adhesion molecules that stick to particular places on the cell membrane. These integrins carry mechanical stimuli information from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton so that the individual cells can react in appropriate ways.

Web Resources On Extracellular Matrix

Eukaryota: More on Morphology
The Extracellular Matrix

Book Resources On Extracellular Matrix

Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix, Anchor, and Adhesion Proteins by Kreis & Vale
The Extracellular Matrix Factsbook by Shirley Ayad, et al

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