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Space-Time

The 4-dimensional description of reality given in Einstein's 1905 theory of Special Relativity which added the dimension of time to the three spatial dimensions previously described by Newton's transformations. This allowed scientists to find the correct laws for transformations of measurements made by observers moving relative to each other, with the speed of light as constant regardless of relative movements.

Einstein's space-time transformations are mathematically understood to correspond to rotations of objects in Minkowski 4-dimensional space-time from different points of observation. These rules are associated with a symmetry group, a set of attributes and their symmetric counterparts. The most important is the PCT theorum, which states that the laws of physics must be unaffected by changing the symmetry group of space (parity), charge and time reflections to their symmetric counterparts.

Web Resources On Space-Time

The Einstein-Minkowski Spacetime
NASA: Space-time Vortex
Wikipedia: Spacetime

Book Resources On Space-Time

Relativity, The Special and the General Theory by Albert Einstein
The Nature of Space and Time by Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking

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